Jesus Names Simon Peter

Did People in the New Testament’s setting have last names?

See, there is evidence against it, like Jesus Christ, Christ is the TITLE of Jesus, or an adjective describing him, not his last name, and Simon Peter, Peter is translated into Hebrew, extensively, into “Rock” and it is a nickname given to him by Jesus. But what about characters like Mary MAGDALENE and Joseph CAIAPHAS? Why does it seem they, amongst some others I may have missed, are the only ones with last names? So, did people have Last Names in that place at that time, or only some people, and if so, who, or nobody did but these examples are also titles. Please answer, this is very confusing!

Don’t forget Judas of Chariot.

Why Simon was called the Peter by Christ Jesus but the Jews do not like the name Peter? – 2